五、完形填空。
主题群:自然生态
子主题:生态特征
语篇类型:说明文
难度:★★★
Borneo lies in the southeast of the Malay Peninsula and southwest of the Philippines. Covering a(n) 1 of about 287,000 square miles, Borneo is the third biggest island in the world.
Borneo has a lot of 2 with large areas of rainforest. The highest peak(山峰) in Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, is about 4,100 metres. With hot and wet weather in most time of the year, it's more 3 to rain than not. Borneo gets between 150 and 200 inches of 4 every year.
Borneo is really a 5 house of life on the earth. Borneo has about 11,000 kinds of flowering 6 , about a third of which are indigenous(本土的). Rafflesia(莱佛士花) is the biggest flower in the world. It has no leaves and 7 any stems(茎), just a big flower. The flower can have a diametre(直径) of up to 106 cm and it can be as 8 as 10 kilograms. 9 it has a smell like rotting(腐烂的) meat.
The island of Borneo 10 many endangered animals from the outside world like a selfless mother. More wildlife is found by the scientists on the island. 11 , orangutans(红毛猩猩) are found only in the rainforests of the islands of Borneo and Sumatra in Southeast Asia. They spend nearly their whole lives in the 12 —swinging in treetops and building nests for sleep. The name orangutan 13 "man of the forest" in the Malay language.
Borneo has become a very popular holiday place in recent years. More and more 14 go to Borneo to spend their holidays, which 15 adventure holidays, jungle trekking holidays, beach holidays, bird watching and diving.
1. A. palace
B. road
C. area
D. height
2. A. islands
B. forests
C. animals
D. mountains
3. A. common
B. pleasant
C. satisfying
D. hopeful
4. A. snowfall
B. rainfall
C. sunlight
D. sunshine
5. A. roof
B. tradition
C. treasure
D. rubbish
6. A. fields
B. locals
C. animals
D. plants
7. A. only
B. easily
C. hardly
D. nearly
8. A. heavy
B. far
C. high
D. tiny
9. A. Because
B. As
C. So
D. But
10. A. develops
B. keeps
C. faces
D. attacks
11. A. For example
B. Even if
C. What's more
D. As a result
12. A. ocean
B. tree
C. desert
D. sky
13. A. translates
B. predicts
C. means
D. pronounces
14. A. tourists
B. inventors
C. lawyers
D. actors
15. A. bring
B. spend
C. include
D. lose
答案:1. C 根据about 287,000 square miles可知,此处表示覆盖面积。
2. D 根据"The highest peak in Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, is about 4,100 metres."可知,提到了婆罗洲的山峰,说明这里说它有很多山。
3. A 根据With hot and wet weather in most time of the year可知,一年中大部分时间气候湿热,所以下雨是更常见的。
4. B 根据上文中it's more common to rain than not及"Borneo gets between 150 and 200 inches ... every year."可知,婆罗洲每年获得一定量的降雨。
5. C 后文提到婆罗洲有众多植物、动物等丰富的生物种类,说明它是生命的宝库。
6. D 根据"Borneo has about 11,000 kinds of flowering ... about a third of which are indigenous. Rafflesia is the biggest flower in the world."可知,这里说的是开花植物。
7. C 根据"It has no leaves and ... any stems, just a big flower."可知,它几乎没有茎。hardly几乎不,符合语境。
8. A 根据10 kilograms可知,此处指的是重量。
9. D 前一句说花的直径和重量,这句说它有像腐肉的气味,前后是转折关系。
10. B 根据句意可知,这里表示婆罗洲像无私的母亲一样养育、容纳着很多濒危动物。
11. A 根据orangutans are found only in the rainforests of the islands of Borneo and Sumatra in Southeast Asia可知,这里是在举例说明婆罗洲的野生动物。
12. B 根据swinging in treetops and building nests for sleep可知,红毛猩猩一生大部分时间在树上。
13. C 根据句意可知,这里是在解释orangutan在马来语中的意思。
14. A 根据"Borneo has become a very popular holiday place in recent years."可知,越来越多的游客去婆罗洲度假。
15. C 根据"adventure holidays, jungle trekking holidays, beach holidays, bird watching and diving"可知,此处是在列举去婆罗洲度假的不同类型。include 包括,符合语境。
解析:
【分析】
拿到这篇完形填空,首先第一步先通读全文,理清文章主旨:这是一篇介绍婆罗洲自然地理、生物资源、旅游特色的说明文,围绕自然生态主题展开。解题时不需要孤立看单个句子选答案,要每一个空都去前后文找对应的提示线索:比如看到空后出现平方英里的面积单位,直接对应面积相关表达;看到空后提到最高峰的信息,就对应前文提到的地形特征;遇到逻辑类的空,就梳理前后句的转折、举例等逻辑关系,遇到词义辨析的空结合上下文语境排除不符合语义的选项,全部选完后再代入全文通读检查语句通顺度,确认逻辑连贯。
【解析】
1. 空后给出的"about 287,000 square miles"是面积单位,cover an area of是固定搭配,意为“占地面积为……”,A宫殿、B道路、D高度均不符合语义,选C。
2. 后文紧接着引出“婆罗洲最高峰基纳巴卢山海拔约4100米”的内容,说明此处介绍婆罗洲有大量山脉,A岛屿、C动物均不符合上下文衔接逻辑,选D。
3. 前文提到婆罗洲一年大部分时间气候湿热,说明降雨是非常常见的情况,common意为“常见的”,B愉快的、C令人满意的、D有希望的均不符合语境,选A。
4. 前文已经提到当地降雨很常见,此处150到200英寸对应的是婆罗洲的年降雨量,A降雪、C阳光、D日照均不符合湿热的气候特征,选B。
5. 后文大篇幅介绍婆罗洲拥有极丰富的本土动植物物种,说明它是地球上的生命宝库,treasure意为“宝藏”,A屋顶、B传统、D垃圾均不符合语义,选C。
6. 后文紧接着提到世界最大的花莱佛士花,对应此处介绍的是婆罗洲的开花植物,A田地、B当地人、C动物均不符合语境,选D。
7. 句意为“它没有叶子,几乎没有茎,只有一朵大花”,hardly意为“几乎不”,符合莱佛士花的形态特征,A只有、B容易地、D几乎均不符合否定语义,选C。
8. 空后给出的"10 kilograms"是重量单位,说明此处描述的是花的重量,heavy意为“重的”,B远的、C高的、D极小的均不符合语义,选A。
9. 前半句介绍莱佛士花尺寸大、重量大,后半句说它闻起来像腐肉,前后是转折关系,用转折连词but,A因为、B由于、C所以均不符合逻辑,选D。
10. 句意为“婆罗洲像无私的母亲一样庇护、留存着很多濒危动物”,keep此处表示养育、庇护的含义,A发展、C面对、D攻击均不符合语义,选B。
11. 前文提到岛上发现了更多野生动物,后文举红毛猩猩的例子佐证,for example意为“例如”,用来引出例子,B即使、C此外、D结果均不符合逻辑,选A。
12. 后文提到红毛猩猩在树间荡来荡去、筑巢睡觉,说明它们几乎一生都生活在树上,A海洋、C沙漠、D天空均不符合红毛猩猩的栖息特征,选B。
13. 句意为“orangutan这个名字在马来语里的意思是‘森林之人’”,mean意为“意思是”,A翻译、B预测、D发音均不符合语义,选C。
14. 前文提到婆罗洲成为热门度假地,对应来度假的群体是游客,A发明家、C律师、D演员均不符合度假场景,选A。
15. 后文列举了探险游、丛林徒步游、海滩游等多种度假类型,说明此处表示当地的度假项目包含这些种类,include意为“包括”,符合语义,选C。
【答案】
1-5 CDABC 6-10 DCADB 11-15 ABCAC
【知识点】
语境逻辑推理,词义辨析,固定搭配
【点评】
本篇完形贴合自然生态的主题,所有题目都能从上下文找到明确的提示线索,没有设置偏难怪的考点,既考察学生对基础词汇的掌握程度,也能锻炼学生依托语境推导答案的阅读能力,适合用来巩固说明文类完形的解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6