四、阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
主题群:自然生态
子主题:生态特征
语篇类型:说明文
难度:★★
Coral reefs are the ocean's most beautiful and vital ecosystems. Many people mistake them for plants, 1.
but
they are not plants at all! They are actually underwater worlds full 2.
of
diverse marine life. Each coral reef is made up of small animals called polyps. These tiny creatures secrete hard skeletons, which build up over time to form the large, 3.
colourful
(colour) reef structures. Known as the "rainforests of the sea", coral reefs 4.
support
(support) 25% of all marine species, while they cover 5.
less
(little) than 1% of the ocean floor. Yet they are fragile(易碎的). They need clear and warm water to survive. 6.
Pollution
(pollute), warming oceans and overfishing are harming them greatly each year. Reefs matter to 7.
humans
(human) too. Scientists use reef animals 8.
to create
(create) new medicines, some of which can treat serious diseases like cancer. Sadly, half of 9.
the
world's reefs have been destroyed in the past 30 years. We must protect our coral reefs now. Small steps like 10.
reducing
(reduce) plastic waste can help save these amazing natural treasures for future generations.
解析:
【分析】
这是一篇生态主题的说明文语法填空题,解题时首先通读全文,明确文章介绍珊瑚礁的属性、价值和保护现状的核心大意,之后逐空结合上下文逻辑、句子成分、固定搭配、词形变换规则推导答案:首先判断前后句逻辑选对应连词,遇到固定短语直接匹配,修饰名词要把提示词转为形容词,有than提示用比较级,介词后接动词要变动名词,独一无二的名词前加定冠词,最后把所有答案代入通读验证语句通顺即可。
【解析】
1. 考查转折连词:前半句表述“很多人误以为珊瑚礁是植物”,后半句表述“它们根本不是植物”,前后是转折逻辑关系,因此填but。
2. 考查固定搭配:full of是固定短语,意为“充满”,符合语境“充满多样海洋生物的水下世界”,因此填of。
3. 考查词形转换:空格后是名词短语reef structures,需要用形容词修饰名词,colour的形容词形式为colourful,意为“色彩斑斓的”,因此填colourful。
4. 考查时态和主谓一致:句子描述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语coral reefs是复数,谓语动词用原形,因此填support。
5. 考查比较级:空格后有提示词than,需要用little的比较级形式,less than意为“少于”,因此填less。
6. 考查词形转换:空格和后面的warming oceans、overfishing并列作句子主语,需要把动词pollute变为名词形式,位于句首首字母大写,因此填Pollution。
7. 考查名词复数:此处泛指“人类”这个群体,要用human的复数形式,因此填humans。
8. 考查非谓语动词:固定结构use sth. to do sth. 意为“利用某物做某事”,不定式作目的状语,因此填to create。
9. 考查定冠词:world是指代世界的独一无二的名词,前面需要加定冠词the,因此填the。
10. 考查非谓语动词:空格前的like是介词,意为“比如”,介词后接动词需要用动名词形式,因此填reducing。
【答案】
1. but 2. of 3. colourful 4. support 5. less
6. Pollution 7. humans 8. to create 9. the 10. reducing
【知识点】
词形转换,固定搭配,冠词用法
【点评】
本题围绕生态保护主题设题,考点覆盖初中阶段核心语法点,难度适中,既考察学生对句法成分、时态、非谓语等基础语法的掌握程度,也引导学生关注自然生态相关的常识,解题时注意结合上下文逻辑推导,避免孤立看单个空格出错。
【难度系数】
0.6