二、阅读理解
For years, scientists have known how to measure (衡量) the intelligence (智力) of a person. Recently they began to do research into group intelligence. Early research shows that group intelligence is not the total of the intelligence of the people in it. So what is the secret of a group’s success?
Researchers at a research company and a university have both dealt with this question. They believe they finally
have a handle on what makes some work teams successful. In the study of the company, researchers collected information and studied it to find patterns. Are members of effective (有效的) groups friends outside of work? Do members with similar personalities work together best? They discussed many opinions, but found no patterns to support them. In fact, who was in the team did not make a difference. Instead, the difference between more effective teams and less effective teams was in the interaction (互动) among the members. The university group collected information by using digital badges (数字徽章) that people agreed to wear. They provided much information, including how long people spoke, where they were looking during communication, and their body language.
Not only the research company but also the university group found that the key to an effective team was how members communicated with each other.
Among the findings, the most important is that, in effective teams, members spoke for almost the same amount (数量) of time—not in every meeting or communication, but over the whole course of a project. The second one was that members showed an understanding of how it might feel to walk in somebody else’s shoes. A high level of these two characteristics makes members feel comfortable when they express their opinions and make suggestions without fear of being doubted by other members. They believe that others will listen to them and value what they say.
One might say that most of these findings are clear. However, understanding group intelligence can help people make the basic changes that are necessary to increase the chance of a group’s success.
(
A
) 1. The expression “have a handle on” in paragraph 2 probably means “
”.
A. have a clear understanding of B. do a lot of research on
C. make a deep discussion about D. have a hard time finding out
(
B
) 2. What can we learn about the researchers’ findings?
A. It is important to divide time equally among group members at one meeting.
B. It is necessary for group members to understand each other’s feelings.
C. It is common for group members to be doubted in an effective group.
D. It is believed that group members are all friends during and outside of work.
(
B
) 3. Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?
A.
B. C. D.
(
D
) 4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. The value of team members
B. The secret of group research
C. The competition between groups
D. The key to successful work teams
