D 核心素养 语言能力
The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet(字母表), it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. Chinese words are 1. f by different characters put together. In many cases, a 2. s character can also make up a word. As one kind of the most ancient characters, Chinese characters have played an important role in the development of Chinese culture. At first, ancient Sumerian and ancient Egyptian symbols existed(存在), but only Chinese characters 3. r today. The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed.
Chinese writing began 4. t of years ago. According to an ancient story, a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese writing. One winter day while he was hunting, he saw the footprints of animals in the snow and noticed that the appearance of each one was different. Then he came up with the idea that he could use different shapes to 5. r different objects: The first Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects. Some characters have been simplified(简化) and others have been made more 6. d over time.
However, as a whole, the characters have developed from 7. d into standard forms. The character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops together. This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the character used nowadays.
Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by combining two or more characters 8. t. For example, "rest" was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. The character "prisoner" was formed with a "man" inside a square. Other characters were developed for directions and numbers. It is easy to distinguish(区别) their meanings by looking at them. For example, the characters for "9. u" and "down" are opposites of each other. These characters show meaning but not pronunciation. So, a method was created: one part shows the meaning, and the other suggests the 10. s. Many modern Chinese characters use this system.