五、阅读理解。
主题群:生活与学习 子主题:抗挫能力 语篇类型:议论文 难度:★★★
Nobody wants to lose, but we must accept that losing is a part of life. After all, we can't win all the time. However, we can learn something valuable from every failure. This may help us succeed in the future. So we must know how to be a good loser.
We must not be afraid of losing. When we lose, just accept it with a smile and look on the bright side of it. Failure can't be avoided in our life. Edison failed many times before he invented the light bulb. When he was asked how he felt, he said that he hadn't failed many times but had learned which things couldn't work. We must know that history is full of examples of men and women who achieved success although they failed many times.
Losing is not very disgraceful. We must accept our failure and learn to take advantage of it. Remember that it can be helpful. Take action to walk out of it. When we lose, think about what we did and how we can improve. If someone else can help, we'll be lucky enough. Maybe he or she has gone through the same experience before. Many people enjoy helping others solve problems. This can save us a lot of time in learning how to avoid the same mistakes in the future.
We should face our failure when we lose. There is only one winner in every competition. That is a usual way of life. If we offer our congratulations to the winner and share in his or her happiness, we won't feel sorry for our failure.
In a word, being a good loser will help us to succeed in life. It might be painful in the beginning, but there are many advantages. Good losers set examples for us, and most importantly, they finally win.
1. In the writer's eyes, why did Edison achieve success?
A. He got help from others.
B. He happened to make it.
C. He avoided possible mistakes.
D. He saw the bright side of losing.
2. What does the underlined word "disgraceful" probably mean?
A. Bad.
B. Personal.
C. Dangerous.
D. Interesting.
3. What is the best title for the text?
A. Ideas about how to avoid mistakes
B. Experience in dealing with problems
C. Advice on how to be a good loser
D. Advantages of both success and failure
答案：1. D
2. A 词义猜测题。根据后文“We must accept our failure and learn to take advantage of it. Remember that it can be helpful.”可知,作者认为失败并不丢人,由此可推知 disgraceful 意为“不光彩的、糟糕的”,与 bad 意思相近。
3. C 标题概括题。文章首段提出中心观点 we must know how to be a good loser,中间分段给出具体做法,最后一段总结 being a good loser will help us to succeed in life,全文围绕“如何做一个优秀的失败者”展开。
解析：
【分析】
本题为议论文阅读理解，围绕“如何做一个好的失败者”展开，需通过细节定位、语境猜词、主旨梳理三种方法解题：第1题需定位爱迪生的例子，结合段落核心观点匹配选项；第2题根据划线词前后文逻辑推断词义；第3题需抓住全文中心句确定标题。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位原文第二段，本段首句强调“失败时要微笑接受，看光明的一面”，作者举爱迪生的例子，爱迪生称自己并非失败多次，而是学到了无法奏效的东西，体现他从失败中看到积极面，对应选项D。
2. 第2题：词义猜测题，划线词“disgraceful”所在句后提到“我们必须接受失败并利用它，记住它有帮助”，说明失败并非“糟糕的”，故“disgraceful”与“bad”意思相近，选A。
3. 第3题：主旨大意题，首段提出中心观点“我们必须知道如何做一个好的失败者”，中间段落给出具体做法，末段总结“做个好失败者有助于成功”，全文围绕该主题展开，故选C。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.C
【知识点】
阅读理解（细节理解）、词义猜测、主旨概括
【点评】
本题考查议论文阅读理解的核心能力，需结合原文细节、语境逻辑及篇章结构分析，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
