六、核心素养 中华优秀传统文化 任务型阅读。
主题群:历史、社会与文化
子主题:传统工艺
语篇类型:说明文
难度:★★
Wax printing(蜡染) is an ancient way of producing dyed textiles(纺织品). It is an important part of traditional Chinese culture. It is believed that wax printing appeared in China as early as the Qin and Han dynasties and got popular in the Sui and Tang dynasties. There is an interesting story about how wax printing was invented. Once upon a time, a girl was fond of dyeing white cloth blue and purple. One day, while she was working, a bee landed on her cloth. She drove the bee away and found there was beeswax on the cloth. After she dyed the cloth, she saw a round white mark on the cloth. It looked very pretty. Her finding later led to the use of wax in dyeing.
Wax printing has many steps. First, draw some pictures of flowers, birds, fish, etc. on a piece of white cloth. Then use a special knife-like tool to spread melted(熔化的) wax on the pictures. After that, put the cloth into a dye bath so that the unwaxed parts take on the colour. Finally, wash the dyed cloth in boiling water and wait for the wax to melt, leaving clear pictures in white on the dyed cloth.
Today, wax printing is mainly used in some ethnic minority(少数民族) areas in Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guangxi. Some girls in those areas are highly skilled at wax printing.
根据短文内容回答问题,每题答案不超过8个词。
1. When did wax printing appear?
As early as the Qin and Han dynasties.
2. What insect(昆虫) helped with the finding of wax printing?
A bee.
3. How many steps does wax printing have?
Four.
4. What colour is the cloth used to draw pictures on?
White.
5. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
Where wax printing is used.
解析：
【分析】
这是一道结合传统工艺主题的任务型阅读题，解题思路如下：1. 先通读题干明确每道题的提问核心，带着关键词回到原文对应段落定位信息；2. 定位到相关语句后提取最精简的符合题意的内容，同时严格遵守每题答案不超过8个词的要求，不需要额外添加冗余信息；3. 细节题直接找原文对应表述，主旨题梳理对应段落的核心内容即可得出答案。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段第三句"It is believed that wax printing appeared in China as early as the Qin and Han dynasties"，直接提取蜡染出现的时间即可。
2. 定位原文第一段的发明小故事部分，可知是落在布上的蜜蜂带来了蜡染相关的发现，提取对应昆虫即可。
3. 定位原文第二段的步骤描述，先后出现First、Then、After that、Finally共4个标识步骤的顺序词，可知总步骤数。
4. 定位原文第二段第二句"First, draw some pictures of flowers, birds, fish, etc. on a piece of white cloth"，直接提取作画用布的颜色即可。
5. 最后一段介绍了如今蜡染主要应用的国内少数民族聚居区域，核心是说明蜡染的使用地点，提炼得到主旨答案。
【答案】
1. As early as the Qin and Han dynasties.
2. A bee.
3. Four.
4. White.
5. Where wax printing is used.
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，段落主旨概括，中国传统工艺常识
【点评】
本题以中国传统非遗工艺蜡染为主题，贴合中华优秀传统文化的核心素养考察要求，所有题目均能从原文找到明确依据，同时设置了答案字数限制，既考察学生快速定位文本细节的能力，也引导学生了解传统工艺的相关常识，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
