解:
(1) 根据新运算定义 $a*b=2a+ab,$可得:
$3*x = 2×3 + 3x = 6 + 3x,$
$\dfrac{1}{2}*x = 2×\dfrac{1}{2} + \dfrac{1}{2}x = 1 + \dfrac{1}{2}x。$
由 $3*x=\dfrac{1}{2}*x$ 列方程:
$6 + 3x = 1 + \dfrac{1}{2}x$
移项得:$3x - \dfrac{1}{2}x = 1 - 6,$
合并同类项得:$\dfrac{5}{2}x = -5,$
系数化为1得:$x=-2。$
(2) 先计算括号内的运算:
$2*x = 2×2 + 2x = 4 + 2x,$
再计算$(-3)*(2*x)$:
$\begin{aligned}&(-3)*(4+2x)=&2×(-3) + (-3)×(4+2x)\\=&-6 -12 -6x\\=&-18 -6x\end{aligned}$
由$(-3)*(2*x)=x+24$列方程:
$-18 -6x = x + 24$
移项得:$-6x -x = 24 + 18,$
合并同类项得:$-7x = 42,$
系数化为1得:$x=-6。$