解:
(1) $\odot M$与$x$轴相切,理由如下:
连接$CM.$
$\because AC$平分$∠ OAM,$
$\therefore ∠ OAC=∠ CAM.$
又$\because AM=MC,$
$\therefore ∠ CAM=∠ ACM.$
$\therefore ∠ OAC=∠ ACM.$
$\therefore OA// MC.$
$\because OA⊥ x$轴,
$\therefore MC⊥ x$轴.
$\because CM$是$\odot M$的半径,
$\therefore \odot M$与$x$轴相切.
(2) 过点$M$作$MN⊥ y$轴于点$N,$则$AN=BN=\frac{1}{2}AB.$
$\because OA⊥ x$轴,$MC⊥ x$轴,$MN⊥ y$轴,
$\therefore ∠ MCO=∠ AOC=∠ MNA=90°.$
$\therefore$ 四边形$MNOC$是矩形.
$\therefore MN=OC,$$MC=ON=5.$
设$AO=m,$则$MN=OC=6-m,$$AN=5-m.$
在$\mathrm{Rt}△ ANM$中,由勾股定理得$AM^2=AN^2+MN^2,$
$\therefore 5^2=(5-m)^2+(6-m)^2,$
解得$m_1=2,$$m_2=9$(不合题意,舍去).
$\therefore AN=3.$
$\therefore AB=6.$
(3) 连接$AD$交$CM$于点$E.$
$\because BD$是$\odot M$的直径,
$\therefore ∠ BAD=90°.$
$\therefore AD// x$轴,$AD⊥ MC.$
易得四边形$OAEC$为矩形,$AE=DE.$
$\therefore AE=OC.$
由
(2)可得$MN=OC=4,$$OA=2.$
$\therefore$ 点$C$的坐标为$(4,0),$$AD=2AE=2OC=8.$
$\therefore$ 点$D$的坐标为$(8,-2).$
设直线$CD$对应的函数解析式为$y=kx+b.$
$\therefore \begin{cases}4k+b=0,\\8k+b=-2,\end{cases}$
解得$\begin{cases}k=-\frac{1}{2},\\b=2.\end{cases}$
$\therefore$ 直线$CD$对应的函数解析式为$y=-\frac{1}{2}x+2.$