四、综合填空。
新素养 家国情怀 Huang Xuhua, "the father of China's nuclear submarines(核潜艇)",
1 (die) at 99. He led an amazing life, serving the country through science and technology.
Huang was born into a medical family in Haifeng, Guangdong. During 2 (he) childhood, the war brought great hardship and he saw how weak China was. This made him decide to study 3 (scientific) to make China stronger. In 1958, he was chosen to lead China's nuclear submarine project.
4 Huang and his team faced lots of difficulties, they still believed that nothing is impossible. They collected information from newspapers. "It is much 5 (hard) than we expected because it is really difficult to tell whether it was true or false," Huang said. After creating five designs, they 6 (final) succeeded. Their project was one of the most challenging 7 (task) in Chinese engineering history. Through their efforts, China became the fifth country to launch a nuclear submarine in 1970.
Huang's name was kept secret until 1987. In his 90s, he still worked and shared knowledge 8 young engineers. His first submarine has worked for 40 years 9 its birth.
Huang's life is an example of giving his all to the country. His 10 (spirit) have encouraged countless people to follow in his footsteps. His achievements should never be forgotten by us.
答案：1. died 2. his 3. science 4. Although/ Though 5. harder 6. finally 7. tasks 8. with
9. since 10. spirits
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇结合家国情怀主题的英语综合填空题，解题思路如下：首先先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍中国核潜艇之父黄旭华的生平事迹，整体叙事以一般过去时为主，先建立整体语境认知。之后逐个分析空格：有给出提示词的空格，先判断句子所需的词性、时态、单复数等要求，对提示词做正确的形式转换；没有提示词的空格，结合上下文的逻辑关系、固定搭配判断需要填写的连词、介词等，最后再通读全文校验所有空格的语义和语法是否通顺，避免逻辑矛盾。
【解析】
1. 第1空：主语是黄旭华，“去世”是已经发生的过去动作，要用一般过去时，die的过去式为died。
2. 第2空：后面是名词childhood，需要用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，人称代词he对应的形容词性物主代词是his，during his childhood意为“在他的童年时期”。
3. 第3空：动词study后面需要接名词作宾语，形容词scientific对应的名词形式是science，study science意为“学习科学”。
4. 第4空：前后两个分句“黄旭华和团队面临很多困难”和“他们仍然相信没有什么是不可能的”是让步逻辑关系，用Although/Though引导让步状语从句，句首首字母大写。
5. 第5空：空格后有than表示比较含义，much可以用来修饰比较级，形容词hard的比较级是harder，意为“比我们预想的难得多”。
6. 第6空：空格用来修饰后面的动词succeeded，需要用副词作状语，形容词final对应的副词形式是finally，意为“最终”。
7. 第7空：固定结构one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数，表示“最……的之一”，可数名词task要变为复数形式tasks。
8. 第8空：固定搭配share sth. with sb. 意为“和某人分享某物”，此处填介词with。
9. 第9空：句子谓语是现在完成时has worked，后面接时间点表示“自从……以来”，用since符合语义，即“自从它诞生以来已经服役40年”。
10. 第10空：后面的谓语动词是have，说明主语要用复数形式，spirit此处指代精神品质，复数形式为spirits。
【答案】
1. died 2. his 3. science 4. Although/ Though 5. harder 6. finally 7. tasks 8. with 9. since 10. spirits
【知识点】
词性转换，固定搭配，让步状语从句
【点评】
本题以时代楷模黄旭华的事迹为载体，既考察初中英语核心语法知识点，渗透家国情怀的素养引导，考点覆盖了动词时态、代词变形、形容词比较级、副词用法、名词单复数、连词介词等基础内容，学生解题时要注意结合全文叙事逻辑判断，不要孤立分析单个句子，尤其无提示词的空格要结合搭配和逻辑推导，避免失分。
【难度系数】
0.6
五、首字母填空。
It is a common experience for students to run into problems in their studies. Many students doubt whether they have the ability to o 1 them. Some even try to avoid c 2 because they are afraid of making mistakes. This fear of failure often prevents them from discovering their true potential. However, the best way to improve is to face the problems b 3 and learn from them.
When you finally figure out the correct answer after trying hard, you will feel a great sense of a 4 . That moment of clarity makes all the effort worthwhile and boosts your confidence. That is why we should never give up easily. The pleasure of s 5 comes not only from the result, but also from the process of growing and learning. Every step forward, no matter how small, shapes you into a stronger and wiser person.
So next time you meet a problem, don't run away. Embrace it with c 6 and enjoy the joy of progress!
答案：1. overcome 2. challenges 3. bravely
4. achievement 5. success 6. courage
解析：
【分析】
做这道首字母填空首先要先通读全文，明确文章核心主旨：本文围绕学生面对学习困难的态度展开，倡导大家不要逃避问题，要勇敢直面挑战、在过程中收获成长。接下来逐个空结合上下文语义、语法规则、首字母提示和固定搭配推导答案：
1. 第一空指代前文提到的学习中遇到的problems，结合“怀疑自己有没有能力去克服这些问题”的语义，首字母o，再搭配have the ability to do sth的结构，就能锁定动词原形overcome。
2. 第二空前文提到大家怕犯错、想要逃避，结合语境逃避的是学习里的挑战，首字母c，avoid后接可数名词复数表泛指，得到challenges。
3. 第三空修饰动词face（面对），需要用副词，结合前文说不要逃避、要直面问题的语义，首字母b，对应副词bravely（勇敢地）。
4. 第四空是固定搭配，努力算出正确答案后会获得成就感，a sense of + 名词，首字母a，对应achievement。
5. 第五空结合后文“乐趣不仅来自结果，还来自成长学习的过程”，这里指代成功的喜悦，首字母s，对应名词success。
6. 第六空前文说不要逃避问题，要拥抱它，with后面接名词，首字母c，对应名词courage（勇气）。
【解析】
1. 空1：前文提到学生在学习中遇到问题，很多学生怀疑自己是否有能力克服这些问题，have the ability to do sth 为固定结构，结合首字母o，填overcome。
2. 空2：句意为部分学生甚至试图逃避挑战，因为害怕犯错，challenge是可数名词，此处表泛指用复数形式，结合首字母c，填challenges。
3. 空3：句意为提升自我的最好方式就是勇敢地面对问题并从中学习，此处修饰动词face需要用副词，结合首字母b，填bravely。
4. 空4：固定搭配a sense of achievement表示“成就感”，符合“努力算出正确答案后会获得强烈成就感”的语义，结合首字母a，填achievement。
5. 空5：句意为成功的乐趣不仅来自结果，也来自成长和学习的过程，此处指代成功的喜悦，结合首字母s，填抽象名词success。
6. 空6：句意为用勇气拥抱难题，享受进步的喜悦，with后接名词作状语，结合首字母c，填courage。
【答案】
1. overcome 2. challenges 3. bravely 4. achievement 5. success 6. courage
【知识点】
首字母填空，固定短语搭配，语境语义推断
【点评】
本题选取贴合学生学习生活的主题，既考察了中学阶段核心的动词、名词、副词词汇，也融入了正向的价值观引导，所有空格都可以通过上下文逻辑和课内学过的固定搭配推导得出，没有偏难怪词，适合巩固词汇运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
