七、核心素养 社会主义先进文化 阅读理解。
主题群:灾害防范
子主题:科技与救灾
语篇类型:记叙文
难度:★★★
① The Chinese-made aircraft(飞机) are playing an important role in protecting the country's green mountains. Many models of newly developed large unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)(无人机) are showing their ability to protect the environment. In recent years, they have been used to put out forest fires and do other dangerous tasks.
② In mid-March 2024, Yajiang County in Sichuan Province faced a challenging spring when a serious forest fire happened. However, the situation changed quickly as the new aircraft were used to support firefighting. The aircraft played a key role in finding what caused the fire and understanding its size. The UAVs gave real-time heat pictures and maps, helping plan the firefighting efforts. At the same time, the fixed-wing(固定机翼的) aircraft dropped water on certain areas. It stopped the fire and saved more of the forest. This was the first time that China had used large UAVs to carry out some tasks, like putting out forest fires. The move showed the advantages(优点) of these new aircraft and provided a new way to stay away from disasters.
③ These new aircraft were also used for other tasks. MA60 aircraft have been used not only for firefighting, but also for spring drought(干旱). In the spring of 2024, they increased the rounds of rainfall in Shaanxi Province. They have also played a key role in facing the challenges of the weather.
④ Clear waters and green mountains are not only natural wealth but also social wealth. As the technology improves, more Chinese-made aircraft will be developed in the future. They will reduce the influence of natural disasters on the country and protect people's lives and wealth.
1. What do we know about the UAVs in the task of Yajiang according to the passage?
A. They provided real-time heat pictures and maps.
B. They sent firefighters to the fire place.
C. They acted as communication tools among firefighters.
D. They watered the place to prevent the fire from spreading.
2. (创新考法·行文方式)How does the writer support his idea in Paragraph 3?
A. By listing numbers.
B. By comparing facts.
C. By giving an example.
D. By reporting results.
3. (创新考法·篇章结构)Which is the right structure of the passage?
解析：
【分析】
我们可以分三步依次解题：
1. 解第1题：首先根据题干关键词Yajiang定位到文章第二段，逐一比对选项和原文内容，找到和原文表述完全匹配的选项即可。
2. 解第2题：先找到第三段的核心主旨句，再观察该段后续内容的呈现形式，判断作者支撑观点使用的行文方法。
3. 解第3题：逐段概括每段的核心大意，梳理段落之间的逻辑关系，匹配对应的篇章结构图示即可。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第二段原文“The UAVs gave real-time heat pictures and maps, helping plan the firefighting efforts.”可知，在雅江火灾救灾任务中，无人机的作用是提供实时热成像图和地图，辅助制定灭火方案。B选项“运送消防员”、C选项“作为消防员通讯工具”原文均未提及，D选项“洒水阻止火势蔓延”是固定翼飞机的功能，不属于UAVs的任务，因此选A。
2. 行文方式题：第三段开篇提出观点“这些新飞机也可以用于其他任务”，随后列举了MA60飞机在2024年春季为陕西省开展人工增雨、应对春旱的具体实例，以此支撑段首观点，属于通过举例的方式论证，因此选C。
3. 篇章结构题：梳理全文逻辑：第①段总起，点明国产新型无人机在环保、防灾领域发挥重要作用；第②、③段为两个并列的分述段落，分别用雅江森林火灾救灾、陕西人工增雨抗旱两个实例，具体介绍国产飞机的实际应用价值；第④段总结升华，展望未来国产飞机在防灾减灾、保护民生方面的作用，整体为“总-分-总”结构，对应选项B的图示。
【答案】
1. A 2. C 3. B
【知识点】
细节信息定位，行文方式判断，篇章结构梳理
【点评】
本题结合科技救灾的主题，既考察了基础的文本细节查找能力，又创新设置了行文逻辑、篇章结构类题型，引导学生关注国产科技发展的成就，兼顾语言能力和思维素养的考察，区分度较好。
【难度系数】
0.7
