四、用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空,使短文完整通顺。
主题群:灾害防范
子主题:自然灾害
语篇类型:说明文
难度:★★
drive wide lift away cover window look such as fast they know
Tornadoes(龙卷风) are windstorms that move fast in a circle. They can be weak, strong or violent. About 70% of tornadoes are weak. The weak storms 1.
look
long and thin, like a rope hanging down from the sky. Their winds move at 177 kilometres per hour or less. About 28% of tornadoes are strong. They're 2.
wider
at the top and get narrower near the ground. Their winds move at 177 to 322 kilometres per hour. About 2% of tornadoes are violent. These storms have winds that move 3.
faster
than 322 kilometres per hour. They have the power to 4.
lift away
a whole house.
Tornadoes can form at any time of year, but most form from March to July. It's difficult 5.
to know
ahead of time when a tornado will form. That adds to 6.
their
danger. If you learn that there may be a tornado in your area, you should find a safe place, 7.
such as
a cellar or a tornado shelter. If you can't get to one of these, then a ground floor room in the middle of the house is the best. Stay away from 8.
windows
and doors. If you 9.
are driving
outside, don't stay in the car. You should get out and find 10.
cover
. If you can't find a shelter, lie down in a ditch(沟渠).
解析:
【分析】
首先通读全文,明确本文是介绍龙卷风特征及对应避险常识的说明文,把握整体语境后,先梳理方框内给出的10个备选词/短语的词性和含义。接下来逐个分析每个空格的前后语义、语法属性,先匹配语义符合的备选内容,再根据提示(比如than、固定句型、并列结构、时态要求等)对单词进行正确的词形变换,最后将所有答案代入全文通读,验证逻辑是否通顺、语法是否正确,排查错误。
【解析】
1. 句意:弱风暴看起来又长又细,像从天空垂下来的绳子。空格后是形容词long and thin,主语The weak storms为复数,需要填入一般现在时的感官系动词,备选词look符合语义,故填look。
2. 句意:它们的顶部更宽,靠近地面的位置会变窄。后文出现并列的比较级narrower,结合龙卷风的形态特征,需要填入形容词wide的比较级wider,故填wider。
3. 句意:这类风暴的风速比322千米每小时更快。空格后出现比较级标志词than,需要填入副词fast的比较级faster修饰动词move,故填faster。
4. 句意:它们有能力将整栋房屋掀走。固定结构have the power to do sth. 后接动词原形,备选短语lift away(掀走、抬起带走)符合语义,故填lift away。
5. 句意:提前知道龙卷风何时会形成是很困难的。固定句型It's + 形容词 + to do sth. 中it作形式主语,真正主语为不定式结构,备选词know符合语义,变形为to know,故填to know。
6. 句意:这一点加剧了它们的危险性。空格后是名词danger,需要填入形容词性物主代词修饰名词,指代龙卷风的危险,主格they变形为their,故填their。
7. 句意:如果你得知你所在区域可能出现龙卷风,你应该找一个安全的地方,比如地窖或者龙卷风避难所。后文是对前文安全地点的举例,备选短语such as(例如)符合语境,故填such as。
8. 句意:远离窗户和门。空格后并列出现名词复数doors,对应填入可数名词window的复数形式windows,故填windows。
9. 句意:如果你正在户外开车,不要待在车里。此处描述当下正在发生的场景,用现在进行时,主语为you,对应的结构是are driving,故填are driving。
10. 句意:你应该下车寻找掩护。此处cover作名词表示“掩护物、遮蔽处”,符合语境,故填cover。
【答案】
1. look 2. wider 3. faster 4. lift away 5. to know 6. their 7. such as 8. windows 9. are driving 10. cover
【知识点】
选词填空,词形变换,固定句型
【点评】
本题围绕自然灾害的科普主题设计,既考查学生对说明文整体语境的理解能力,又覆盖了形容词比较级、非谓语动词、物主代词、现在进行时等初中核心语法考点,同时渗透了龙卷风避险的实用常识。解题时需要学生先把握全文主旨,再结合空格前后的语法提示判断所需的正确词形,做完后代入通读验证可以有效降低出错率。
【难度系数】
0.6