三、阅读理解
The World Health Organization reports that air pollution kills about seven million people around the world each year. However, breathing dirty air does more than hurt our bodies. It can also affect our brains and the ability to think.
A new study shows that air pollution can cause
a reduction in our intelligence (智力). Xi Chen, the researcher of the Yale School of Public Health, led the study. He and his team found that long-term exposure (暴露) to air pollution could affect a person's mental ability in two areas: language and maths. The researchers noted that the effect of pollution on the language ability was even more serious for people over 64 years old, for men and for those who are less educated. "The older people are more affected. And we find, quite interestingly, men are more affected than women. And people working outdoors are more affected than those working indoors."
Besides, they found that air pollution did affect the maths skills, just not as much as the language skills. There are two main kinds of tissue (组织) in the brain: white matter and grey matter. White matter is more connected with a person's language skills, while grey matter is connected to our ability to solve maths problems. Studies have shown that air pollution has a great effect on the white matter in the brain, but not the grey matter.
(
B
) 1. What does the underlined part "a reduction" mean?
A. An increase in amount.
B. A drop in level.
C. An improvement in quality.
D. A development in ability.
(
B
) 2. The effect of breathing polluted air is more serious for
.
A. women
B. men
C. more educated people
D. young people
(
C
) 3. Air pollution affected the language skills
the maths skills.
A. as much as
B. as little as
C. more than
D. less than
(
D
) 4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Air pollution harms people's bodies but has no effect on brains.
B. The effect of air pollution on language ability is less serious.
C. Air pollution affects maths skills more greatly than language skills.
D. White matter in the brain is linked to people's language abilities.