三、词汇运用。
One day while I 1.
was walking
(walk) on the street, a young man ran past me hurriedly, brushing against my handbag. He continued his way, but turned back and 2.
gently
(gentle) said “sorry” to me. Even in a rush, he didn't forget to show his 3.
politeness
(polite) with a simple word. One day, after I bought some fresh bananas from a small shop, the shopkeeper was carefully passing me the change, but I wasn't ready for it and a coin 4.
dropped
(drop) onto the ground. “Sorry, madam,” he said while bending down 5.
to pick
(pick) it up. I was 6.
surprised
(surprise) that he apologized to me for my own carelessness. On another occasion, I accidentally stepped on a 7.
man's
(man) foot at the entrance to a cinema. We both stopped to look at each other, and then 8.
said
(say) “sorry” together.
Slowly, I get to know that when something 9.
unpleasant
(please) happens in daily life, the British don't care much about who is actually in the wrong. They believe that saying “sorry” can make things better and show respect for others. Perhaps that is why I seldom see people have 10.
fights
(fight) in public places in Britain.
解析:
【分析】
这是语境类词汇变形填空题,解题时首先通读全文,明确文章整体以一般过去时讲述作者经历的日常小事,核心要把提示词适配到句子的语法规则里。解题思路可以分步走:第一先判断每个空在句子中充当的成分,确定需要的词性,比如修饰动词要用副词、物主代词后接名词、修饰人的感受要用-ed类形容词等;第二结合时态规则、固定搭配、上下文逻辑对提示词做对应变形,比如while引导的时间状语从句常用进行时、表动作目的要用不定式、描述负面事件要把提示词转为否定含义的形容词等;最后把所有答案代入通读校验,确保语义通顺、语法正确。
【解析】
1. 空1:while引导时间状语从句,强调动作正在发生,主句谓语ran past是一般过去时,因此从句用过去进行时,主语是I,be动词搭配was,最终变形为was walking。
2. 空2:此处需要副词修饰动词said,形容词gentle的副词形式是gently。
3. 空3:形容词性物主代词his后需要接名词,形容词polite的名词形式是politeness,意为礼貌。
4. 空4:句子描述过去发生的动作,硬币掉落在地上是主动动作,用一般过去时,drop的过去式为dropped。
5. 空5:此处用不定式作目的状语,表达弯腰的目的是捡起硬币,因此填to pick。
6. 空6:此处修饰人I,表达“感到惊讶的”,要用surprise对应的-ed类形容词surprised。
7. 空7:此处表达“男人的脚”,需要用名词所有格表所属关系,man的所有格形式为man's。
8. 空8:and并列两个谓语,前面的stopped是一般过去时,因此say也要变为对应的一般过去式said。
9. 空9:结合后文大家需要道歉的语境,此处指代日常生活里发生的不愉快的事,要把please变为否定含义的形容词unpleasant。
10. 空10:此处作have的宾语,fight是可数名词,表泛指用复数形式,have fights是固定搭配意为打架,填fights。
【答案】
1. was walking 2. gently 3. politeness 4. dropped 5. to pick 6. surprised 7. man's 8. said 9. unpleasant 10. fights
【知识点】
动词时态变形,词性转换,名词所有格
【点评】
本题结合英国日常道歉的文化情景设题,综合考察初中阶段核心词汇语法点,既要求学生掌握不同词性的基本用法、时态变化规则,也要求学生结合上下文逻辑判断词义的反向变形,能有效检验学生的词汇活用能力。
【难度系数】
0.7