C 传统文化
 ①In summer, people use their fans to cool themselves off. But the Chinese fan is not just a tool to help people cool themselves down. It’s an important part of Chinese culture.

 ②Chinese fans have a history of over 3,000 years. One of the earliest known “fans” was named “shanhan”(扇汗). They weren’t like the fans we see today. People used them to hide from the sun and protect themselves from the rain on a horse-drawn carriage(马车). The “shanhan” then changed into a long-handled fan called “zhangshan”(障扇). This type of fan was made of silk or bird feathers and was mainly used by the emperor’s honour guard(仪仗队) for decoration.
 ③In the Han Dynasty, more common people started using fans because cheaper bamboo fans had been made. These fans stayed popular until the Tang and Song Dynasties. At the same time, a new type of silk fan was also brought in. Young women loved silk fans because they were round, 
resembling the moon. They were also called “round fans” or “tuanshan”.
 ④The ribs(扇骨) of these silk round fans were made of bamboo or animal bones. The handles of the fans usually had different designs. The main part of the fan often had calligraphy(书法) works and landscape paintings like mountains or flowers. Folding fans mainly had panels(扇面) and ribs. For the ribs, people used different kinds of materials, including wood, animal bones and bamboo. The panels of the folding fan were usually made of paper, silk or other materials. They left empty spaces for artists to paint. Their calligraphy works and landscape paintings added colour to the fans.
 ⑤From the Song Dynasty, fan painting became a special kind of art. Fans with pictures of birds and flowers were popular among young women. Men, however, liked fans decorated with calligraphy works. Mythical(神话的) creatures were also popular. Dragons were often painted on men’s fans while ladies usually preferred phoenixes(凤凰).
(   )8. Chinese fans have a history of ______.
A. more than 3,000 years B. more than 5,000 years
C. less than 2,000 years D. less than 3,000 years
(   )9. Why did fans become popular among common people?
A. Because more people learned to make fans.
B. Because cheaper bamboo fans were made.
C. Because a new type of silk fans was brought in.
D. Because people wanted to cool themselves down in summer.
(   )10. What does the underlined word “resembling” in the third paragraph mean?
A. cutting out B. looking like C. turning into D. making up
(   )11. 创新考法—篇章结构题 Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
