C Read the magazine article about government programmes to help certain ecosystems and choose the best answer for each question.
Bring back balance
Every ecosystem has a careful balance between its plants and animals. Sometimes, the best way to keep this balance is bringing back a key animal species. This is exactly what some governments did, and the results were amazing!
In 1995, the American government brought wolves back to Yellowstone National Park. These animals were common there until the 1930s, but then hunters killed them all. Without wolves, the number of elk grew quickly, since wolves were their biggest threat. However, there were too many elk in the park, and the elk ate too many willow trees. This was terrible for beavers because they need willow trees to survive in winter. Now, with the wolves back to Yellowstone, there are fewer elk, more willow trees—and happier beavers!
A similar thing happened in Scotland. In 2009, the government introduced beavers to the country. Beavers used to live in Scotland, but hunters killed the last ones in the 16th century. Since they were introduced to Scotland, the new beavers have helped improve the environment. To build their homes, beavers bite down small trees. This allows more light to reach other plants and helps them grow. Beavers also create small ponds. These provide homes for all kinds of insects and birds. Finally, beavers often build dams to slow down the flow of river water. This can help stop flooding in the area.
Today, these two ecosystems are both doing well. The examples teach us an important lesson: sometimes, just one type of animal can change the balance of an entire ecosystem.
1 What is the main purpose (目的) of the text?
a To show how one type of animal can change an ecosystem.
b To encourage governments to protect ecosystems.
c To compare different ecosystems.
2 What happened in Yellowstone National Park in 1995?
a Hunters killed the last wolves in the park.
b The American government brought wolves back to the park.
c The elk in the park faced serious threats.
3 What was the main problem for beavers in Yellowstone National Park?
a They couldn’t find enough willow trees.
b Wolves hunted too many of them.
c The government introduced too many of them into the park.
4 Why are beavers important in Scotland?
a Because they help small trees grow.
b Because they reduce the number of insects.
c Because they improve the environment for many plants and animals.
答案：【解析】：
这是一篇英语阅读理解题，主要考查学生对于文章主旨和细节信息的理解能力。文章主要讲述了两个生态系统恢复平衡的例子：一个是美国黄石国家公园通过重新引入狼来恢复生态平衡，另一个是苏格兰通过重新引入海狸来改善环境。题目要求根据文章内容选择最佳答案。
1. 第一题是主旨题，需要理解文章的整体意思，找出文章的主要目的。
2. 第二题是细节题，需要回到文章中找到1995年黄石国家公园发生的事件。
3. 第三题是细节题，需要找出黄石国家公园中海狸面临的主要问题。
4. 第四题是细节题，需要理解海狸在苏格兰的重要性。
【答案】：
1. a
文章主要讲述了通过重新引入一种动物来改变整个生态系统的平衡，因此主要目的是展示一种动物如何改变生态系统。
2. b
根据文章中的句子“In 1995, the American government brought wolves back to Yellowstone National Park.”可知，1995年美国政府将狼重新引入了黄石国家公园。
3. a
文章中提到，“This was terrible for beavers because they need willow trees to survive in winter.”说明海狸在黄石国家公园面临的主要问题是找不到足够的柳树。
4. c
文章中提到海狸在苏格兰帮助改善环境，建造家园时咬下小树，让更多阳光照射到其他植物上，帮助它们生长，还创造了小池塘，为各种昆虫和鸟类提供了家园。因此，海狸对苏格兰的重要性在于它们为许多植物和动物改善了环境。
解析：
翻译:
C 阅读这篇关于政府助力保护特定生态系统项目的杂志文章，并为每个问题选择最佳答案。
恢复平衡
每个生态系统中的动植物之间都保持着一种微妙的平衡。有时，维持这种平衡的最佳方法是重新引入一种关键的动物物种。一些政府正是这样做的，结果令人惊叹！
1995年，美国政府将狼重新引入黄石国家公园。在20世纪30年代之前，这种动物在那里很常见，但后来猎人把它们都杀光了。没有了狼， elk（麋鹿）的数量迅速增长，因为狼是它们最大的威胁。然而，公园里的麋鹿太多了，它们吃掉了太多的柳树。这对海狸来说很糟糕，因为它们冬天需要柳树来生存。现在，随着狼回到黄石公园，麋鹿的数量减少了，柳树变多了——海狸也更快乐了！
类似的事情也发生在苏格兰。2009年，政府将海狸引入该国。海狸曾经生活在苏格兰，但猎人在16世纪杀死了最后一批海狸。自从被引入苏格兰以来，新来的海狸帮助改善了环境。为了建造它们的家，海狸会咬断小树。这使得更多的阳光照射到其他植物上，帮助它们生长。海狸还会创造小池塘。这些池塘为各种各样的昆虫和鸟类提供了栖息地。最后，海狸经常筑坝来减缓河水的流动。这有助于阻止该地区发生洪水。
如今，这两个生态系统都运转良好。这些例子给我们上了重要的一课：有时，仅仅一种动物就能改变整个生态系统的平衡。
1 这篇文章的主要目的是什么？
a 展示一种动物如何改变一个生态系统。
b 鼓励政府保护生态系统。
c 比较不同的生态系统。
2 1995年黄石国家公园发生了什么？
a 猎人杀死了公园里最后一批狼。
b 美国政府将狼重新引入了公园。
c 公园里的麋鹿面临着严重的威胁。
3 黄石国家公园的海狸面临的主要问题是什么？
a 它们找不到足够的柳树。
b 狼猎杀了太多的海狸。
c 政府把太多的海狸引入了公园。
4 为什么海狸在苏格兰很重要？
a 因为它们帮助小树生长。
b 因为它们减少了昆虫的数量。
c 因为它们改善了许多动植物的生存环境。
